Superpose

Your rating: None
3
Average: 3 (1 vote)
QUANTUM SHORTS 2013: SHORTLISTED, OPEN CATEGORY
 
Day 3.
 
I first saw you two days ago, our eyes not meeting across the crowded train, your voice inaudible to me over the noise of the crowd as you laughed at a joke shared with a friend.
 
you
 
And I think you’re fascinating, and I think you’re interesting, because you’re a splash of colour in this crowd of gray on gray, with their eyes glued to their smartphone screens and their ears plugged into their music players, disconnecting complex people from the real and plugging them into the imaginary, rendering them intangible in all the myriad ways that exist in the here and now.
 
are
 
But not you, because even after your friend got off, you remained here, looking upwards and outwards of the train cabin at the morning sky, at the molten firmament being pounded on the blacksmith’s anvil into the promise of a new day with a smile on your face. And the train dips below the ground and into the mouth of the tunnel.
 
watching
 
I want to talk to you, I want to reach out to you, I want to make contact and connect with you, just as a human to another human.
 
me
 
But I won’t. I can’t.
 
aren’t
 
Because there are rules.
 
you
 
 
 
The train is crowded. The train is always crowded, and when the crowd gets this thick, a set of unspoken rules comes into play:
 
Don’t meet anyone’s gaze. Don’t look at what they’re doing. Stare off into space, draw your sphere of exclusion around you, and never, not once, acknowledge the awkward closeness of those squeezed next to you.
 
And in a stroke, we render ourselves into featureless, inert particles, ideal classical datapoints that form a neat trendline in some civil servant’s office whose job it is to optimise traffic flow.
 
Consider a spherical cow...
 
That’s an old joke, a joke so ancient that it is essentially truth. Neglect the friction from the inevitable collisions, inculcate social mores and politeness to damp down on the inevitable rise in emotional temperature, and we all become the perfect average man that Quetelet imagined, in a featureless entities frictionless, airless vacuum where everything that makes us who we are become unobservable.
 
And from this sterile world the only escape lies in cyberspace, diving deep into the anarchic chaos where the classical rules do not apply.
 
And we wonder why we never talk to one another.
 
 
 
Day 4
 
There you are again.
 
hey
 
We are wavefunctions, or so the reasoning goes, a trillion trillion superposed wavefunctions with hidden variables tucked away under our surface, until only the surface is observable. We are degenerate Schrodinger icebergs that interact unpredictably and occasionally violently when all the imaginary axes that we have to grind -- and yet reveal to no one -- interfere and stack up, forming rogue waves and rolling combers that rock the boat and shatter our world.
 
I
 
Leaving us to pick up the broken shards and fragments of who we know we truly are.
 
could
 
That’s why we shouldn’t talk to strangers, because to let someone into our lives is to give up our very souls. Define your boundaries with clarity; defend them with certainty. It’s a matter of principle.
 
come
 
That’s why I shouldn’t talk to you.
 
to
 
That’s why you won’t talk to me.
 
know
 
Because we are classical datapoints, inert spheres that interact neatly, safely, with no ultraviolet catastrophe to clean up afterwards.
 
you
 
Because we’re strangers.
 
too
 
 
 
Classical physics is psychohistory; statistical mechanics is social engineering.
 
Correction: social engineering is statistical mechanics with gunpowder, because when it blows, when it all goes, all your models disappear in a blast of adiabatic fire.
 
Football riots. London burning. Gang wars.
 
Not safe at all.
 
Stay safe. Stay classic.
 
 
 
Day 10
 
You are different today. I can feel it; feel it in a way that transcends conscious knowledge.
 
you are
 
You still stare at the sky, at the way the unrisen sun plays a chiaroscuro of light and shadow across the underside of the scudding clouds with their promise of uncertain rain. You still laugh with your friend, still smile at internal jokes that only you know, and still move with the same grace and elegance that comes from knowing one’s exact place in the universe, give or take some uncertainty.
 
still not
 
But you are not the same.
 
listening
 
We are apart; we are separate. We are individuals; each one of us a self-contained wavefunction that sees no evil, hears no evil, speaks no evil, and, ultimately, touches nobody.
 
to me
 
So I don’t ask you what’s wrong. All I know is that you radiate expectation, emit uncertainty, and resonate with the bittersweet melancholy of unfulfilled dreams.
 
are you
 
That’s what being human means; it means being alone.
 
are you certain
 
Yes.
 
so very certain
 
Absolutely.
 
look up
 
What?
 
now
 
 
 
I look up, and your eyes meet mine.
 
And you smile
 
What about now?
 
Uncertain.
About the Author: 
Yuen Xiang Hao teaches physics and astronomy at an independent school in Singapore, with an occasional sideline into creative writing, photography and other forms of irrationality
Share this fiction

Quantum Theories: A to Z

W is for ...
Wavefunction

The mathematics of quantum theory associates each quantum object with a wavefunction that appears in the Schrödinger equation and gives the probability of finding it in any given state.

U is for ...
Uncertainty Principle

One of the most famous ideas in science, this declares that it is impossible to know all the physical attributes of a quantum particle or system simultaneously.

H is for ...
Hawking Radiation

In 1975, Stephen Hawking showed that the principles of quantum mechanics would mean that a black hole emits a slow stream of particles and would eventually evaporate.

L is for ...
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, this machine is smashing apart particles in order to discover their constituent parts and the quantum laws that govern their behaviour.

G is for ...
Gravity

Our best theory of gravity no longer belongs to Isaac Newton. It’s Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. There’s just one problem: it is incompatible with quantum theory. The effort to tie the two together provides the greatest challenge to physics in the 21st century.

L is for ...
Light

We used to believe light was a wave, then we discovered it had the properties of a particle that we call a photon. Now we know it, like all elementary quantum objects, is both a wave and a particle!

S is for ...
Sensors

Researchers are harnessing the intricacies of quantum mechanics to develop powerful quantum sensors. These sensors could open up a wide range of applications.

T is for ...
Time travel

Is time travel really possible? This article looks at what relativity and quantum mechanics has to say.

D is for ...
Decoherence

Unless it is carefully isolated, a quantum system will “leak” information into its surroundings. This can destroy delicate states such as superposition and entanglement.

F is for ...
Free Will

Ideas at the heart of quantum theory, to do with randomness and the character of the molecules that make up the physical matter of our brains, lead some researchers to suggest humans can’t have free will.

C is for ...
Computing

The rules of the quantum world mean that we can process information much faster than is possible using the computers we use now. This column from Quanta Magazine ​delves into the fundamental physics behind quantum computing.

M is for ...
Maths

Quantum physics is the study of nature at the very small. Mathematics is one language used to formalise or describe quantum phenomena.

E is for ...
Ethics

As the world makes more advances in quantum science and technologies, it is time to think about how it will impact lives and how society should respond. This mini-documentary by the Quantum Daily is a good starting point to think about these ethical issues. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qc7gpabEhQ&t=2s 

A is for ...
Alice and Bob

In quantum experiments, these are the names traditionally given to the people transmitting and receiving information. In quantum cryptography, an eavesdropper called Eve tries to intercept the information.

S is for ...
Schrödinger’s Cat

A hypothetical experiment in which a cat kept in a closed box can be alive and dead at the same time – as long as nobody lifts the lid to take a look.

I is for ...
Information

Many researchers working in quantum theory believe that information is the most fundamental building block of reality.

B is for ...
Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

At extremely low temperatures, quantum rules mean that atoms can come together and behave as if they are one giant super-atom.

Q is for ...
Qubit

One quantum bit of information is known as a qubit (pronounced Q-bit). The ability of quantum particles to exist in many different states at once means a single quantum object can represent multiple qubits at once, opening up the possibility of extremely fast information processing.

W is for ...
Wave-particle duality

It is possible to describe an atom, an electron, or a photon as either a wave or a particle. In reality, they are both: a wave and a particle.

E is for ...
Entanglement

When two quantum objects interact, the information they contain becomes shared. This can result in a kind of link between them, where an action performed on one will affect the outcome of an action performed on the other. This “entanglement” applies even if the two particles are half a universe apart.

B is for ...
Bell's Theorem

In 1964, John Bell came up with a way of testing whether quantum theory was a true reflection of reality. In 1982, the results came in – and the world has never been the same since!

M is for ...
Many Worlds Theory

Some researchers think the best way to explain the strange characteristics of the quantum world is to allow that each quantum event creates a new universe.

T is for ...
Teleportation

Quantum tricks allow a particle to be transported from one location to another without passing through the intervening space – or that’s how it appears. The reality is that the process is more like faxing, where the information held by one particle is written onto a distant particle.

A is for ...
Act of observation

Some people believe this changes everything in the quantum world, even bringing things into existence.

R is for ...
Randomness

Unpredictability lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. It bothered Einstein, but it also bothers the Dalai Lama.

S is for ...
Schrödinger Equation

This is the central equation of quantum theory, and describes how any quantum system will behave, and how its observable qualities are likely to manifest in an experiment.

I is for ...
Interferometer

Some of the strangest characteristics of quantum theory can be demonstrated by firing a photon into an interferometer

G is for ...
Gluon

These elementary particles hold together the quarks that lie at the heart of matter.

R is for ...
Reality

Since the predictions of quantum theory have been right in every experiment ever done, many researchers think it is the best guide we have to the nature of reality. Unfortunately, that still leaves room for plenty of ideas about what reality really is!

U is for ...
Universe

To many researchers, the universe behaves like a gigantic quantum computer that is busy processing all the information it contains.

V is for ...
Virtual particles

Quantum theory’s uncertainty principle says that since not even empty space can have zero energy, the universe is fizzing with particle-antiparticle pairs that pop in and out of existence. These “virtual” particles are the source of Hawking radiation.

A is for ...
Atom

This is the basic building block of matter that creates the world of chemical elements – although it is made up of more fundamental particles.

N is for ...
Nonlocality

When two quantum particles are entangled, it can also be said they are “nonlocal”: their physical proximity does not affect the way their quantum states are linked.

K is for ...
Key

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a way to create secure cryptographic keys, allowing for more secure communication.

K is for ...
Kaon

These are particles that carry a quantum property called strangeness. Some fundamental particles have the property known as charm!

O is for ...
Objective reality

Niels Bohr, one of the founding fathers of quantum physics, said there is no such thing as objective reality. All we can talk about, he said, is the results of measurements we make.

Y is for ...
Young's Double Slit Experiment

In 1801, Thomas Young proved light was a wave, and overthrew Newton’s idea that light was a “corpuscle”.

M is for ...
Multiverse

Our most successful theories of cosmology suggest that our universe is one of many universes that bubble off from one another. It’s not clear whether it will ever be possible to detect these other universes.

S is for ...
Superposition

The feature of a quantum system whereby it exists in several separate quantum states at the same time.

P is for ...
Probability

Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory: it does not give definite answers, but only the probability that an experiment will come up with a particular answer. This was the source of Einstein’s objection that God “does not play dice” with the universe.

J is for ...
Josephson Junction

This is a narrow constriction in a ring of superconductor. Current can only move around the ring because of quantum laws; the apparatus provides a neat way to investigate the properties of quantum mechanics and is a technology to build qubits for quantum computers.

C is for ...
Clocks

The most precise clocks we have are atomic clocks which are powered by quantum mechanics. Besides keeping time, they can also let your smartphone know where you are.

T is for ...
Tunnelling

This happens when quantum objects “borrow” energy in order to bypass an obstacle such as a gap in an electrical circuit. It is possible thanks to the uncertainty principle, and enables quantum particles to do things other particles can’t.

H is for ...
Hidden Variables

One school of thought says that the strangeness of quantum theory can be put down to a lack of information; if we could find the “hidden variables” the mysteries would all go away.

P is for ...
Planck's Constant

This is one of the universal constants of nature, and relates the energy of a single quantum of radiation to its frequency. It is central to quantum theory and appears in many important formulae, including the Schrödinger Equation.

T is for ...
Time

The arrow of time is “irreversible”—time goes forward. On microscopic quantum scales, this seems less certain. A recent experiment shows that the forward pointing of the arrow of time remains a fundamental rule for quantum measurements.

C is for ...
Cryptography

People have been hiding information in messages for millennia, but the quantum world provides a whole new way to do it.

X is for ...
X-ray

In 1923 Arthur Compton shone X-rays onto a block of graphite and found that they bounced off with their energy reduced exactly as would be expected if they were composed of particles colliding with electrons in the graphite. This was the first indication of radiation’s particle-like nature.

Q is for ...
Quantum States

Quantum states, which represent the state of affairs of a quantum system, change by a different set of rules than classical states.

D is for ...
Dice

Albert Einstein decided quantum theory couldn’t be right because its reliance on probability means everything is a result of chance. “God doesn’t play dice with the world,” he said.

Z is for ...
Zero-point energy

Even at absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, nothing has zero energy. In these conditions, particles and fields are in their lowest energy state, with an energy proportional to Planck’s constant.

Q is for ...
Quantum biology

A new and growing field that explores whether many biological processes depend on uniquely quantum processes to work. Under particular scrutiny at the moment are photosynthesis, smell and the navigation of migratory birds.

Copyright © 2024 Centre for Quantum Technologies. All rights reserved.